save-image filename &key dll-exports dll-added-files dll-extra-link-options automatic-init gc type normal-gc restart-function multiprocessing console environment remarks clean-down image-type split => nil
The console argument is available only in LispWorks for Windows and LispWorks for Macintosh.
A string. It is the name of the file that the image is saved as. This name should not be the same as the original name of the image.
A list of strings, or the keyword :default
.
A list of strings.
A generalized boolean.
If non-nil, there is a garbage collection before the image is saved. The default value is t
.
Determines if some global variables are cleared before the image is saved. You can generally use the default value, which is :user
.
If this is t
the function normal-gc is called before the image is saved. The default is t
.
A function to be called on restart.
Controls whether multiprocessing is enabled on restart. Possible values are discussed below.
On Windows console controls whether the new image will be a Console or GUI application and when, if ever, to make a console window in the latter case.
On the Macintosh console controls when, if ever, to make a console window.
Possible values are discussed below.
environment controls whether the LispWorks environment is started on restart. Possible values are discussed below.
remarks adds a comment to the save history. The value should be a string.
When t
, calls (clean-down t)
.
One of the keywords :exe
, :dll
and :bundle
.
A generalized boolean. If non-nil, the Lisp heap and the executable are saved in two separate files.
The function save-image
saves the LispWorks image to a new executable or dynamic library containing any modifications you have made to the supplied image.
For information about the sort of changes you might want to save in a new image, see Customization of LispWorks.
Do not use save-image
when the graphical IDE is running. Instead create a build script and use it with the -build
command line argument similar to the examples below, or run LispWorks in a subprocess using the Application Builder tool.
You cannot use save-image
on Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, AIX, x86/x64 Solaris and Mac OS X when multiprocessing is running. It signals an error in this case.
On Cocoa you can combine a call to save-image
with the creation of an application bundle containing your new LispWorks image, as in the example shown below.
dll-exports is implemented only on Windows, Linux, x86/x64 Solaris, Macintosh and FreeBSD. It controls whether the image saved is an executable or a dynamic library (DLL). The default value is :default
and this value means an executable is saved. The value :com
is supported on Microsoft Windows only (see below). Otherwise dll-exports should be list (potentially nil
). In this case a dynamic library is saved, and each string in dll-exports names a function which becomes an export of the dynamic library and should be defined as a Lisp function using fli:define-foreign-callable
. Each exported name can be found by GetProcAddress
(on Windows) or dlsym
(on other platforms). The exported symbol is actually a stub which ensures that the LispWorks dynamic library has finished initializing, and then enters the Lisp code.
On Microsoft Windows the dll-exports list can also contain the keyword :com
, or dll-exports can simply be the keyword:com
, both of which mean that the DLL is intended to be used as a COM server. See the
LispWorks COM/Automation User Guide and Reference Manual
for details.
On Mac OS X the default behavior is to generate an object of type "Mach-O dynamically linked shared library" with file type dylib
. See image-type below for information about creating another type of library on Mac OS X.
On Linux, Macintosh, x86/x64 Solaris and FreeBSD, to save a dynamic library image the computer needs to have a C compiler installed. This is typically gcc
(which is available by installing Xcode on the Macintosh).
An image saved as a dynamic library (DLL):
automatic-init specifies whether a LispWorks dynamic library should initialize inside the call to LoadLibrary
(on Microsoft Windows) or dlopen
(on other platforms), or wait for further calls. Automatic initialization is useful when the dynamic library does not communicate by function calls. On Microsoft Windows it also allows LoadLibrary
to succeed or fail according to whether the LispWorks dynamic library initializes successfully or not. Not using automatic initialization allows you to relocate the library if necessary using InitLispWorks, and do any other initialization that may be required. The default value of automatic-init is t
on Windows, nil
on other platforms. For more information about automatic initialization in LispWorks dynamic libraries, see LispWorks as a dynamic library.
dll-added-files should be a list of filenames. It is ignored on Microsoft Windows. On other platforms if dll-added-files is non-nil then a dynamic library containing each named file is saved. Each file must be of a format that the default C compiler (scm:*c-default-compiler*
) knows about and can incorporate into a shared library. Typically they will be C source files, but can also be assembler or object files. They must not contain exports that clash with names in the LispWorks dynamic library (see Dynamic library C functions for the predefined exports). The added files are useful to write wrappers around calls into the LispWorks dynamic library. Such wrappers are useful for:
fli:define-foreign-funcallable
.dlopen
, by using __attribute__ ((constructor))
dll-extra-link-options should be a list of strings. It is ignored on Microsoft Windows. On other platforms if dll-extra-link-options is non-nil then the strings are passed as extra command line arguments to the linker. See the documentation for the linker (typically called ld
) for the operating system you are using for the meaning of these arguments. On Macintosh, a default value for the -install_name option
is generated using the file-namestring of the dynamic library if "-install_name"
is not specified in dll-extra-link-options.
image-type defaults to :exe
or :dll
according to the value of dll-exports and therefore you do not normally need to supply image-type.
image-type :bundle
is used only when saving a dynamic library. On Mac OS X it generates an object of type "Mach-O bundle" and is used for creating shared libraries that will be used by applications that cannot load dylibs (FileMaker for example). It also does not force the filename extension to be dylib
. On other Unix-like systems image-type merely has the effect of not forcing the file type of the saved image, and the format of the saved image is the same as the default. On Microsoft Windows image-type :bundle
is ignored.
Note:
image-type :bundle
is completely unrelated to the Mac OS X notion of an application bundle.
If split is nil
(the default), then the saved image is written as a single executable file containing the Lisp heap. If split is t
, then the saved Lisp heap is split into a separate file, named by adding .lwheap
to the name of the executable. When the executable runs, it reloads the Lisp heap from this file automatically.
In addition, when saving LispWorks on the Macintosh as an application bundle (for example by using create-macos-application-bundle) or as a framework bundle, split can be the symbol :resources
. This places the Lisp heap file in the Resources
directory of the bundle, which allows the heap to be included in the bundle's signature. For an application bundle, the Resources
directory is in the Contents
directory alongside the MacOS
directory. For a framework bundle, the Resources
directory is alongside the shared library. The executable and Lisp heap file must be in these directories within the bundle at run time.
The main use of split is to allow third-party code signing to be applied to the executable, which is often not possible when saving an image with the Lisp heap included in a single file.
restart-function, if non-nil, specifies a function (with no arguments) to be called when the image is started. If multiprocessing is true, restart-function is called in a new process. restart-function is called after the initialization file is loaded. The default value of restart-function is nil
.
Note:
restart-function is not called if the command line argument -no-restart-function
is present
When multiprocessing is nil
, the executable image will start without multiprocessing enabled. When multiprocessing is true or the image is a DLL, the image will start with multiprocessing enabled, starting processes in the list *initial-processes*. When *initial-processes* is nil
or multiprocessing is :with-tty-listener
, a TTY listener process is started as well. The default value of multiprocessing is nil
.
console is implemented only in LispWorks for Windows and LispWorks for Macintosh. The possible values for console are as follows:
Unchanged since previous save.
On the Macintosh, the value t
has the same effect as the value :always
.
On Windows, a Console application is saved, else a Windows application is saved which creates its own console according to the other possible values.
Whenever input, output or any I/O is attempted on *terminal-io*
.
At startup, if input and output are not redirected
At startup, even if input and output are redirected.
The LispWorks for Windows and LispWorks for Macintosh images shipped have console set to :input
.
The possible values for environment are as follows:
Unchanged since previous save.
Start with just the TTY listener.
Start the environment automatically, no TTY listener.
Start the environment automatically, but still have a TTY listener.
The LispWorks image shipped is saved with :environment t
on all platforms except for the Motif images on Mac OS X, and SPARC Solaris
You should not try to save a new image over an existing one. Always save images using a unique image name, and then, if necessary, replace the new image with the old one after the call to save-image
has returned.
:multiprocessing nil
along with a true value of :environment t
. Multiprocessing is needed for the GUI environment.load-image
checks that load-all-patches has been called. If it is called before load-all-patches in a session then an error is signaled.-build
command line argument, because LispWorks 6.1 and later versions call load-all-patches automatically. However, it does no harm for the build script to call load-all-patches too.-init
as the way to run LispWorks with a build script. This way is deprecated.-build
, whereas with -init
you need to call quit explicitly at the end of the build script.
Here is an example build script. Save this to a file such as c:/build-my-image.lisp
:
(load-all-patches)
(load "my-code")
(save-image "my-image")
Then run LispWorks with the command line argument -build c:/build-my-image.lisp
to save the image my-image.exe
.
This example shows a portable build script which, on Cocoa, saves your new LispWorks image in a Mac OS X application bundle. This allows your new LispWorks for Macintosh image to be launchable from the Finder or Dock and to have its own icon or other resources:
(load-all-patches)
(load "my-code")
#+:cocoa
(compile-file-if-needed
(example-file
"configuration/macos-application-bundle")
:load t)
(save-image
#+:cocoa
(write-macos-application-bundle
"/Applications/LispWorks 7.1/My LispWorks.app")
#-:cocoa
"my-lispworks")
deliver
dll-quit
*initial-processes*
InitLispWorks
LispWorksDlsym
load-all-patches
quit
QuitLispWorks
save-current-session
Guidance for control of the memory management system
LispWorks User Guide and Reference Manual - 20 Sep 2017