When LispWorks for Windows starts up on a OS with a non-Latin-1 code page, it calls
(set-default-character-element-type 'simple-char)
so that by default, newly constructed strings can contain the data likely to be returned from the OS or user input.
If you know your string only needs to contain 8-bit data, then you can create it explicitly with element type
base-char
.
Conversely if you know that a string may need to contain 16-bit data even on a Latin-1 code page system, then you should create it explicitly with element-type simple-char.