11.2 Setting up the profiler

Before a profiling session can start several parameters must be set, using the function set-up-profiler . This function is introduced here and the full syntax is given in the LispWorks Reference Manual . There are three main areas to consider: the symbols to be profiled, the time interval between samples, and the kind of profiling required.

• It is possible to keep track of every function called during a particular computation, but significant effort is involved in determining which symbols are suitable for profiling and in keeping track of the results. To minimize this effort you need to specify which symbols to profile, either by naming the required symbols, or by naming a package, all of whose symbols are profiled. The profiler first checks that these symbols have indeed got function definitions and are therefore suitable for profiling.
• You might want to specify the time interval between interrupts. The resolution of this value is clearly dependent on the operating system. For example, the greatest number of interrupts that can be sent to a process under SunOS is 100 per second. This number is important, because with these statistical methods of program profiling the accuracy of the results increases with the number of samples taken. In most cases the default values, 10 ms, is adequate.
• On Unix/Linux/FreeBSD systems the kind of profiling required may be set. This refers to what kind of time is monitored in order to determine when to interrupt the Lisp process. There are three possibilities for how the time interval is measured:

The time the Lisp process is actually executing plus the time that the system is executing on behalf of the process. This is called profile time .

Just the time that the process is actually executing. This is called virtual time .

The actual elapsed time, called real time .

Below is an example of setting up the profiler:

(set-up-profiler :symbols '(car cdr))

Here the functions car and cdr are going to be profiled.

The function set-up-profiler adds symbols to the *profile-symbol-list* . The functions add-symbol-profiler and remove-symbol-profiler can also be used to change the symbols profiled.

The function set-profiler-threshold can be used with reset-profiler to control the effects of repeated profiler runs.